Lettuce nudibranch diet
Usually from eggs arise little planktonic larvae, called veliger, with shell, which will lose during metamorphosis, when they begin their benthonic life as adult. But the most distinctive characteristic is the pair of tentacles on the head, the rhinophores, chemical sensors used to smell and taste that can be retracted for protection. Sea slugs are simultaneous hermaphrodites, which means that they possess both male and female sex organs at the same time, though auto-fecundation is rare. This strategy increases the probability of finding a mate, since nudibranchs are solitaries and they use to be scattered. As every molluscs, nudibranchs have a file like organ on the month called radula, used to scrap off their food. So the loss of the shell gave them freedom to evolve spectacularly shaped bodies, they could growth more rapidly and move faster. But sea slugs had to evolve a series of strategies to protect themselves from predation. Dorids have a branchial plume surrounding the anus. ), tunicates, ascidia, bryozoans, and sometimes on algae and even on others nudibranches. In most molluscs the shell is the primary defence in which the animal can retreat from danger. So a new anatomical configuration was reached and then the mantle cavity, anus, and gill were positioned over the head, on the unique shell opening. Also are known as sea slugs and butterflies of the sea due to their undulating way of swimming. There are more than 7500 molluscs alive today and they arouse on Earth more than 600 millions years ago. There are a number of species that have evolved the ability to drop parts of their body, which can be rapidly regenerated, to confuse predators and escape. Home Magazine Blog Events PDF Bookstore Sponsors Advertise About Contact. I n 1943 Jacques-Yves Cousteau used aqualung on French south coast for the fist time in the history. This group can be divided into two main groups, Dorids, with just two structures on its back, a pair of rhinophores in the top of the head and a tuff of feathery gills on the back, and Aeolids, also with rhinophores but with the back covered with numerous finger-like appendages called cerata. They can be very different in shape, but generally are elongated and symmetrical. On 1817 Cuvier described nine new genera and set up the group with that name, Nudibranch. Exactly, thanks to these submarine photographers, nudibranchs are so famous and admired by divers and marine naturalists. They are considered the most beautiful creatures of the sea and as they move very slowly, they are very popular among submarine photographers. Each specie tends to be very selective feeders and may only eat one certain prey species. Opisthobranchs are carnivorous feeding on sponges, cnidarians (anemones, soft corals, hydroids, etc. This organ is covered on top with rows of chitinous teeth, which are produced by the radula sac as they are warned down. Egg development can take between 5 and 50 days, depending on temperature. Copulation is usually reciprocal, so both function simultaneously as male and female, giving and receiving sperm and both partners will lay eggs.
Class Gastropoda is divided on three subclasses and Opistobranchia (marine slugs) exhibits a major evolutionary trend, the reduction or loss of the shell and a new distortion, aas in Order Nudibranchia. These defence systems, real chemical and biological weapons, could have been either a post-adaptation to shell loss, either a pre-adaptation that made the shell loss possible. After mating sea slugs lay their spiral egg masses on or near the prey they feed on. There are more than 3000 different species of nudibranchs all over the world. Although the shell is present during their larvae stage, disappears during metamorphosis, so when adults shell is not present. But only last years, and thanks to the submarine technology development, study this fascinating animal group has been possible. Feature Article: Nudibranchs: Beautiful but Dangerous Marine Creatures. Cerata are branching extensions of the digestive system with three functions, breath, digestion and defence. Nudibranchs are invertebrates from the Phylum Mollusca, which major groups are clams (Class Bivalvia ), squid and octopus (Class Cephalopoda ) and snail and slugs (Class Gasteropoda ). The cerata epidermis is so thin that gaseous exchange can occur. But shells are heavy and make difficult to move and slow down growth. Feature Article: Nudibranchs: Beautiful but Dangerous Marine Creatures. From that very moment, both scientists and divers were able to admire and discover the wonders of the sea, unachievable for them until then. But nudibranchs also have enemies, like spider crabs, some other kind of crabs and fishes. One of the easiest defence strategies is escape. They are benthonic species, living in nearly every marine bottom and can be found all over the world, from Antarctic to tropics, even in our coast. But they also present some other defences like tubercles that vary in size, shape and number and calcareous spicules in the mantle tissue that can heart the enemy. The Englishmen Alder and Hancock created systematic basis of the group at the end of XIX century. Aeolids have not gills, but cerata function as gills. Some nudibranchs have evolved muscular foot that can secrete mucus to be able to escape, sometimes even swimming, though never very quickly. The genitalia are located at the right side of the animal, so for copulating they position themselves opposite side-by-side, subsequently the right sides of their bodies are next to each other. Nudibranchs are little marine animals between 3 mm to 15 cm long, though some species can reach 30 cm. Normally eggs are white, though the colour could change and be pink, orange or red depending on diet. Their small eyes are located below the tissue of the animal on the head near the brain, and they cannot see actual images but only take measures of light intensity. They are considered the most beautiful creatures of the sea and as they move very slowly, they are very popular among submarine photographers. Among the fascinating creatures that live under the sea, nudibranchs are the most stunning of all of them due to their incredible colours, their beauty and their exotic forms.
Lettuce nudibranch diet video:
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